Varieties of Peas:

There are several varieties of peas that are suitable depending on the region and climate. Some popular varieties include:

Early Badger: A quick-maturing variety that is ready in a short time.

Arkel: Known for its quality grains and medium-maturing time.

Pant Matar 3: A high-yielding variety with good disease resistance.

Azad P1: Famous for its large and tasty grains.

Soil and Climate:

Pea farming is best suited to loamy and sandy loam soils. The ideal pH level of the soil should be between 6 and 7. Peas prefer cool and dry weather conditions. Sowing is done between October and November, and the crop is harvested by March-April.

Field Preparation:

Proper plowing of the field is essential for pea sowing. The field should be plowed 2-3 times to make the soil loose and well-drained. After leveling the field, add organic manure or compost to enhance the nutrient content in the soil.

Seed Sowing:

Pea seeds are sown from October to November. Before sowing, treat the seeds with fungicide or bio-treatment to prevent diseases. Use 70-80 kg of seeds per hectare. Maintain a spacing of 30-45 cm between plants and 15-20 cm between rows.

Irrigation:

Pea crops do not require frequent irrigation, but it is important to maintain soil moisture. Light irrigation should be done immediately after sowing, and later during critical growth stages like flowering and pod formation. Avoid waterlogging, as it can damage the roots.

Fertilizers and Manure:

For a good pea yield, it is beneficial to use organic fertilizers. Add 8-10 tons of compost to the field before sowing. In terms of chemical fertilizers, apply 20-25 kg of nitrogen, 40-50 kg of phosphorus, and 40-50 kg of potash per hectare. A light dose of nitrogen can also be applied at the flowering stage.

Weed Control:

Weed control is crucial in pea farming as weeds compete with the crop for nutrients. Regular weeding and hoeing should be done, or organic and chemical methods can be used to manage weeds.

Pest and Disease Management:

Pea crops are susceptible to diseases like wilt, leaf blight, and powdery mildew. Fungicide sprays can help control these diseases. Common pests include spotted beetles and pod borers, which can be managed using organic pesticides or safe farming practices.

Harvesting:

Peas are harvested when the pods are fully mature, and the seeds inside have hardened. The crop can be harvested manually. After harvesting, dry the peas properly for storage.

Yield and Storage:

With proper care and advanced techniques, a yield of 12-15 quintals per hectare can be achieved. For storage, keep the peas in a cool, dry place to ensure they remain safe for a long time.

Conclusion:

Pea farming is a profitable and nutritious crop for farmers. By following proper care, timely sowing, and advanced farming methods, the yield of peas can be significantly increased. With the right knowledge and techniques, farmers can enhance their income and ensure better production.

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