Best Time for Mustard Farming

Mustard is primarily grown in the cold season, known as a Rabi crop.The ideal time for sowing mustard is between mid-October and the end of November. Mustard grows best in cool temperatures, and timely sowing ensures better yield.

Soil Selection and Field Preparation

Mustard grows best in well-drained sandy loam soil, but it can be cultivated in almost all soil types with proper care and nourishment.

Field preparation: The field should be plowed 2-3 times to make the soil loose and friable. It is important to retain moisture in the soil.

Fertilizer use: Organic fertilizers such as well-decomposed cow dung or compost can be added to enhance soil fertility. In addition, around 60-70 kg of NPK can be mixed per hectare.

Seed Selection and Sowing Method

Selecting high-quality seeds is crucial for a good mustard yield. Some popular mustard varieties include Krishna, Varuna, PBN 21, PBN 22.

Seed quantity: About 4-5 kg of seeds are required per hectare.

Sowing distance: Seeds should be sown in rows, with a distance of 30 to 45 centimeters between them. The seeds should be placed at a depth of 1.5 to 2 centimeters.

Irrigation Process

Mustard does not require excessive water. 2-3 irrigations are sufficient. The first irrigation should be done 3-4 weeks after sowing, and the second irrigation at the flowering stage. It is important to avoid waterlogging, as it can damage the crop.

Fertilizer and Nutrient Management

Proper fertilizer and nutrient management are essential for a healthy mustard yield. A balanced application of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potash (K) should be done before sowing. Apply about 80-100 kg of nitrogen, 40-50 kg of phosphorus, and 40 kg of potash per hectare. Half of the nitrogen should be applied at sowing and the other half during the flowering stage.

Weed Control and Crop Protection

Weeds can significantly affect mustard crop growth. Regular weeding and hoeing are important to keep the field clean. The first weeding should be done 20-25 days after sowing, and the second one after 35-40 days. Pest and disease control: Mustard crops need protection from pests like aphids and diseases such as powdery mildew. Regular pesticide spraying is recommended to keep the crop healthy.

Harvesting and Yield

Mustard crops should be harvested when the plants turn yellow, and the seeds are fully mature. Mustard crops are usually ready for harvesting between January and March. After harvesting, the seeds should be dried before extracting the oil. With good care and the right techniques, mustard can yield around 10-15 quintals per hectare.

Conclusion

Mustard farming holds a vital place in Indian agriculture. Timely sowing, proper fertilization, irrigation, and care can result in a healthy yield. Moreover, due to the high demand for mustard oil and seeds, it is a profitable crop for farmers.

0

0