The wheat crop is harvested after the grains harden and the straw becomes dry and brittle. The harvesting time varies from zone to zone. Rain fed crops reach the harvesting stage much earlier than irrigated crops. However, the yields of rain fed crops are much lower. Grains are thoroughly dried before storage to remove all moisture. Storage pits, bins or go-downs should be moisture free and fumigated to keep away pests.

Harvesting is the act of removing a crop from where it was growing and moving it to a more secure location for processing, consumption, or storage. Some root crops and tree fruit can be left in the field or orchard and harvested as needed, but most crops reach a period of maximum quality that is, they ripen or mature and will deteriorate if left exposed to the elements. While the major factor determining the time of harvest is the maturity of the crop, other factors such as weather, availability of harvest equipment, pickers, packing and storage facilities, and transport are important considerations.

Economic and marketing issues are often even more important than considerations of maturity in deciding when to harvest a commodity. Before the crop can be harvested, the grower must be sure that there is a demand for the crop and that the price is sufficient to make harvesting the crop profitable. If the price is less than adequate to cover the costs of production, harvesting, and marketing, growers are faced with the difficult decision whether to harvest and store the crop, to wait for a better market, or to cut their losses and leave the crop in the field.